Winter storms are often accompanied by strong winds. They can create blizzard conditions with wind-driven snow, extreme cold temperatures, and/or dangerous wind chill.
There are generally three types of winter storm alerts:
ADVISORY - means a winter storm is possible in your area. Be aware!
WATCH - means a winter storm is expected but conditions should not be hazardous enough to meet warning criteria. Be prepared!
WARNING - means a winter storm is headed for your area. Heavy snow, sleet, or freezing rain is expected. Take action!
Develop a plan. Prepare a winter storm plan and disaster supply kit for your home, pets, and car.
Prep your home. Insulate your home. Have chimneys, furnaces, and smoke detectors inspected. All fuel-burning equipment should be vented to the outside.
Prep your family. Ensure that each member of your household has a warm coat, gloves or mittens, scarf, hat, and water-resistant boots. Keep extra blankets.
Prep your car. Check the heater, brakes, oil, flashers, antifreeze, and battery. Replace worn tires and fill low tires with air. Keep the gas tank near full. Pack a windshield scraper, shovel, tire chains, and jumper cables.
Be alert. Listen to local radio, TV stations, or apps for further updates. Be alert to changing weather conditions such as blowing debris.
Get to shelter. Let someone know your destination, your route, and ETA. Avoid ice-covered roads, overpasses, and bridges if possible.
Execute home preparations. Bring inside any pets, plants, etc. that may not survive the frigid temperatures. Gather your disaster supply kit. Leave water taps slightly open to prevent freezing.
Take precautions if going outdoors. Dress in layers. Wear fabrics that will hold body heat like wool and fleece. Ensure that your head, mouth, and extremities are covered. Walk carefully on snowy, icy, sidewalks.
Stay alert. Hypothermia is a body temperature below 95 degrees. Signs include shivering, exhaustion, confusion, fumbling hands, memory loss, slurred speech, or drowsiness.
Stay active, warm, and dry. Keep moving your arms and legs to keep blood circulating and to stay warm.
If in your car. Tie a brightly colored cloth to the antenna for rescuers to see. Use the heater for about 10 min per hour - make sure that snow is not blocking the exhaust pipe. Leave the overhead light on when the engine is running for visability.
If outside. When there is no shelter nearby build a windbreak or snow cave for protection. Build a fire for heat and to attract attention. Melt snow for drinking water. Eating unmelted snow will lower your body temperature. Avoid caffeinated drinks and alcohol.
Stay informed. Continue listening to local television stations or apps for updated instructions.
Treat frostbite. Get patient to a warm room. Soak in warm water. Do not massage. Use body heat to warm. Since affected areas are numb and could easily burn, do not use a heating pad, fireplace, etc.
Treat hypothermia. Get patient to a warm room. Remove wet clothing. Warm the center of the body first—chest, neck, head, and groin. Keep dry and wrapped up in warm blankets, including the head and neck.
Avoid traveling. Refrain from traveling until conditions have improved.
Looking for a more comprehensive list of winter storm safety tips? Download the Ready.gov Winter Storm Information Sheet.
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